In the realm of outdoor spaces, the traditional approach of landscaping often prioritizes aesthetics and visual appeal. However, a paradigm shift toward habitatscaping is gaining momentum, recognizing the importance of creating environments that not only please the eye but also foster biodiversity and ecological balance. Let's explore the limitations of the traditional landscaping model and delve into the myriad benefits of embracing habitatscaping principles.

Traditional landscaping practices, while creating visually appealing gardens, often fall short in supporting local ecosystems. Here are some of the limitations:

1. Diminished Biodiversity: Traditional landscaping tends to favor ornamental plants, often non-native, which may not provide the necessary resources for local wildlife.

2. Mono-Culture and Isolation: The use of single plant species in isolation does not replicate the diverse habitats found in nature, limiting the ecological functions of the landscape.

3. Invasive Species and Pest Attraction: Imported plants and lack of consideration for local ecology may lead to the introduction of invasive species and increased vulnerability to pests.

4. High Maintenance and Resource Intensive: Maintaining manicured lawns and exotic plants often requires excessive water, fertilizers, and pesticides, contributing to environmental degradation.

Now onto the benefits of Habitatscaping! Embracing habitatscaping principles transforms outdoor spaces into thriving ecosystems that benefit both wildlife and the environment. Here are key elements to consider:

1. Native Plants, Especially Keystone Species: Aim for at least 70% native plants, with a focus on keystone species. Research by Doug Tallamy emphasizes the importance of native plants for supporting crucial biological functions in ecosystems.

2. Maximize Bloom Time and Seed Production: Choose plants that provide a continuous bloom time, ensuring a steady supply of nectar and pollen for pollinators. Opt for species that produce berries and seeds, contributing to the overall food web.

3. Diversity in Plant Selection: Optimize biodiversity by selecting a variety of native plants. This not only supports a range of wildlife but also enhances the resilience and stability of the ecosystem.

4. Mass Planting vs. Single Plants: Planting in mass rather than as isolated specimens mimics natural plant groupings, creating more effective habitats and promoting ecological interactions.

5. Invasive Species Management: Remove all invasive species to prevent disruption of local ecosystems and protect native flora and fauna.

6. Reduced Lawn or No-Mow Alternatives: Minimize traditional lawns or replace them with no-mow alternatives or meadows, which provide habitat for various species and reduce the need for intensive maintenance.

7. Layered Canopy and Undisturbed Areas: Design a layered canopy with plants of varying heights to provide habitat from the ground up. Include undisturbed areas with features like brush piles, fallen logs, and leaf litter to support diverse wildlife.

8. Eliminate Nighttime Lighting: Reduce or eliminate nighttime lighting to minimize disruption to nocturnal wildlife and support natural behavioral patterns.

9. Water Source and Erosion Protection: Include a water source, such as a birdbath or pond, to support wildlife. Implement measures to prevent erosion, protecting the integrity of the habitat.

Habitatscaping represents a holistic and sustainable approach to outdoor spaces, transcending the limitations of traditional landscaping. By prioritizing native plants, maximizing bloom time and seed production, promoting diversity, and creating habitats that cater to a variety of species, we can transform our gardens into thriving ecosystems. Embracing habitatscaping is not just a trend; it's a conscious and impactful choice to contribute to the well-being of our environment and the biodiversity it sustains.

Native plants are the unsung heroes of our ecosystems, providing myriad benefits to both people and wildlife. Let's dive into the fascinating world of native plants, exploring what defines them, the distinctions between native plants, cultivars, and nativars, and the compelling reasons to embrace these indigenous wonders.

What is a Native Plant? Native plants are species that naturally occur and have evolved in a particular region, having adapted to the local climate, soil, and environmental conditions over time. These plants play a crucial role in maintaining the ecological balance of their native habitats.

Distinguishing Native Plants, Cultivars, and Nativars:

·       Native Plants: Naturally occurring species in a specific region.

·       Cultivars: Cultivated varieties of plants, often bred for specific traits like color or size.

·       Nativars: Cultivars derived from native species but with specific characteristics developed through cultivation.

(Read More from GrowNative)

Reasons to Choose Native Plants:

1.     Biodiversity Preservation: Planting native species helps maintain the intricate web of life in an ecosystem, supporting diverse flora and fauna.

2.     Adaptation to Local Conditions: Native plants are well-adapted to local climates and soil, reducing the need for excessive watering, fertilizers, and pesticides.

3.     Wildlife Habitat Enhancement: Native plants provide essential food and shelter for local wildlife, supporting pollinators, birds, and other organisms.

4.     Water Conservation: Native plants are often more drought-tolerant, helping conserve water resources in landscaping and gardening.

5.     Disease Resistance: Adapted to local diseases, native plants often require fewer chemical interventions, promoting a healthier environment.

Benefits for People:

1. A healthier ecosystem means a healthier you!

2. Low-Maintenance Landscaping: Native plants typically require less upkeep, making them an excellent choice for low-maintenance landscaping.

3. Cost Efficiency: Reduced need for water, fertilizers, and pesticides can translate to cost savings for homeowners and communities.

4. Aesthetic Appeal: Native plants offer a unique and authentic aesthetic, showcasing the beauty of the region.

Benefits for Wildlife:

1.     Food Sources: Native plants produce fruits, nectar, and seeds that sustain a variety of wildlife, including birds, insects, and mammals.

2.     Habitat Support: The structure of native plants provides nesting sites and protective cover for wildlife, fostering healthy ecosystems.

3.     Pollinator Support: Native plants are essential for supporting pollinators like bees and butterflies, ensuring the reproduction of many plant species.

Incorporating native plants into our landscapes is a powerful step towards promoting biodiversity, conserving resources, and creating resilient ecosystems. Whether you're a homeowner, gardener, or environmental enthusiast, choosing native plants is one of the most impactful steps you can take to contribute to the well-being of our planet.

Embarking on the journey of creating a biodiverse native plant garden is an exciting endeavor that requires thoughtful planning. It is important to start off on the right footing by assessing your current space and understanding its unique characteristics before diving in. By taking the time to evaluate your garden's existing features, sunlight, water access, and more, you'll set the stage for a thriving and purposeful landscape.

Assess Your Current Space:

1.     Existing Features and Plants: Take stock of the current plants and features in your garden. Identify any invasive species that may need removal and consider incorporating native plants that complement the existing landscape.

2.     Amount of Sunlight: Determine the amount of sunlight your garden receives. Full sun (6+ hours) is ideal for many native plants, while some may thrive in partial or full shade. Understanding sunlight patterns is crucial for selection the right plant for the right place.

3.     Access to Water: Evaluate the accessibility of water in your garden. Native plants often have different water requirements, so knowing your garden's water dynamics will guide your plant choices and irrigation planning.

4.     Drainage and Erosion Considerations: Examine the drainage patterns in your garden to identify areas prone to waterlogging or erosion. Native plants are often well-adapted to local soil conditions, but understanding your garden's topography ensures proper plant placement.

Choosing Wisely – Not All Plants Are Alike

Keystone plants play a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance. These are species that exert a disproportionate influence on their environment, providing essential resources and support to a wide array of organisms.

Definition of Keystone Plants: Keystone plants are species whose presence significantly influences the structure and function of an ecosystem. They contribute disproportionately to biodiversity, providing habitat, food, and other resources for a multitude of organisms.

Benefits to Wildlife: Keystone plants serve as hubs in the ecological web, attracting and sustaining various wildlife species. They provide crucial food sources, shelter, or even act as host plants for specific insects, making them indispensable for the health of your garden ecosystem.

Examples of Keystone Plants:

• Oak Trees: Oak trees support hundreds of species as a host plant, acorns provide a critical food source for birds and mammals, branches provide shelter and nesting habitat, and so much more.

• Milkweed: As a host plant for monarch butterflies, milkweed is a keystone plant that supports the entire life cycle of these iconic species.

Taking the time to plan before you dive in by assessing your current space and creating your wish-list of high-value plants will set the stage for a successful project. With thoughtful planning you'll create a garden that not only enhances your surroundings but also contributes to the well-being of the environment and its inhabitants.

Embarking on the journey to create a native plant garden is an exciting endeavor, but before you start shopping, there are crucial considerations to keep in mind. Here are five important factors to ensure your plant choices align with the principles of sustainability, conservation, and local biodiversity.

1.     Ecoregion Adaptation: Before shopping for native plants, familiarize yourself with your local ecoregion. Native plants adapted to your specific climate, soil, and environmental conditions are more likely to thrive, contributing to a healthier and more resilient garden. This approach also supports the natural balance of your local ecosystem.

Note: Plants featured here suitable for the Carolina Foothills ecoregion.

(Read more about this from Backyard Ecology)

2.     Avoid Harmful Systemic Pesticides: Prioritize plants grown without the use of neonicotinoids and other harmful systemic pesticides. Opting for pesticide-free plants is crucial for protecting pollinators and other beneficial insects. It ensures your garden remains a safe haven for wildlife and contributes to the overall health of the environment.

(Read more on this topic from Xerces Society)

3.     Choose Natives Over Cultivars: Whenever possible, choose native plant species over cultivars. While cultivars may offer specific aesthetic traits, native plants are better adapted to local conditions, provide essential ecological functions, and support local wildlife. They contribute to the overall biodiversity of your garden and surrounding ecosystem.

(Read more on this topic from Piedmont Master Gardeners)

4.     Beware of Invasives: Know your invasive species and avoid purchasing them. Invasive plants can outcompete native flora, disrupting ecosystems and harming wildlife. By steering clear of invasive species, you play a vital role in preventing the spread of these problematic plants and preserving local biodiversity.

(Read more on this topic from NCNPS)

5.     Shop Locally: Support local growers and sellers by shopping locally for your native plants. Local nurseries often carry plants well-suited to your region, and purchasing from them helps boost the economy of your community. If a local seller doesn't have what you're looking for, inquire about the possibility of sourcing specific native plants or varieties for you.

(Find a list of local plant sellers at our Learning Center)

Before embarking on your native plant shopping spree, take a moment to consider the impact of your choices. Opt for plants adapted to your ecoregion, steer clear of harmful pesticides, prioritize native species over cultivars, avoid invasives, and support local growers. By adhering to these considerations, you contribute to the health and resilience of your garden, promote biodiversity, and play a part in fostering a sustainable and vibrant ecosystem. Happy planting!

We have provided a list of native plant suppliers, both close to home and via mail order, to help you source great plants. Always strive to shop locally when possible.

Visit our Learning Center to find our list of recommended native plant sellers. You can also explore NCNPS's map of native plant sellers in NC.

1. Native Plants of the Southeast, Larry Mellichamp

2. The Southeastern Native Plant Primer, Larry Mellichamp and Paula Gross

3. Gardening with Native Plants of the South, Sally Wasowski with Andy Wasowski

4. Pollinators of Native Plants, Heather Holm

5. Great Natives for Tough Places, Brooklyn Botanical Garden All-Regions Guide

6. Bringing Nature Home: How You Can Sustain Wildlife with Native Plants, Updated and Expanded, Dr. Doug Tallamy

7. Nature's Best Hope: A New Approach to Conservation that Starts in Your Yard, Dr. Doug Tallamy

8. Half Earth, Edward O. Wilson

9. Essential Native Trees and Shrubs for the Eastern United States, Tony Dove and Ginger Woolridge

10. The Humane Gardener, Nancy Lawson

For a more extensive list, see our Learning Center.

Here are a few tips to ensure your planting success:

When to plant?

The best time to plant is typically the early fall. Plants have time to settle in before winter and have many months to get firmly established before the blaze of heat and potential drought the following summer.

The second best time to plant is early spring.

Trees and shrubs can be planted fall through to spring.

If you must plant in the summer, water, water water and consider covering with a shade cloth as plants get started.

Plant with water in mind

• Choose drought tolerant plants.

• For moisture-loving varieties, plant with a well around the base to capture water.

• Prevent soil from drying out by mulching. Use green mulch in the form of low growing ground covers and/or use leaves, wood chips, etc for applied mulches. Caution: Avoid using cardboard for sheet mulching as it is typically laden with chemicals.

• When you water, water well! This helps to encourage deep root growth.

• Consider drip irrigation to conserve water.

• Use rain barrels to capture water runoff from roofs.

• Add compost and organic matter to your soil to improve water retention.

• Provide the right growing condition by planting the right plant in the right place, by providing nutrients, and by avoiding extreme growing conditions. A healthy plant is a more drought tolerant plant.

Invasive Species

• Shop wisely for plants to ensure you are not introducing an invasive species.

• Learn what plants are invasive (see NCNPS List). Remove all invasive species possible to create the greatest space for native plants to thrive.

• Get guidance and inspiration from our local experts, The Kudzu Warriors. (Too, they are always looking for volunteers!)